McCarthy created the programming language LISP in 1958, opening the door to many further innovations within the AI community. LISP is one of the longest-lived computer science languages in use due to its ability to incorporate symbols useful to AI applications to computer science.
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Johnson calculated the path for Freedom 7 which was the spacecraft that put the first U.S astronaut in space. Johnson was part of the team to calculated Apollo 11's flight, which sent the first three men to the Moon. She invented the Sketchpad. A revolutionary computer program that he developed for his 1963 PhD thesis, which gave users the ability to draw and change graphics on a screen with a light pen. Computer graphics is the foundation for computer science.
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